TRANSITION METALS HW PART I MS

1.	Does not have an incomplete set of d electrons / does
not have a partially filled d orbital / does not have a
partially filled d sub-shell / ora (1)	1
Allow use of 3d
[1]

2.	(i)	1s22s22p63s23p63d5 (1)	1
(ii)	Has an incomplete set of d electrons / partially
filled d sub-shell / partially filled d orbital (1)	1
Allow partially filled d shell
[2]

3.	(a)	1s22s22p63s23p63d5 (1);
Has an incomplete set of 3d electrons (1)	2
Allow 3d orbitals are not completely occupied / incomplete 3d sub-shell
Allow has half-filled d orbitals
(b)	Any two from
Variable oxidation state / variable valency (1);
Act as catalysts (1);
Form complexes / form complex ions (1);
Form coloured compounds (1)	2
Not high melting point / good thermal and electrical conductors / high density etc
(c)	Iron (II) ions give a green ppt (1);
Iron (III) ions give an orange-rust ppt (1)	2
Precipitate must be used once
Allow solid instead of ppt
(d)	4Fe2+ + O2 + 4H+ → 4Fe3+ + 2H2O
Correct reactants and products (1);
Correct balancing (1)	2
[8]

 4.	(i)	Brown / red-brown / foxy-red / rusty / orange ppt (1)	1
Allow solid instead of precipitate
Allow state symbol (s) for precipitate
(ii)	Fe3+(aq) + 3OH–(aq) → Fe(OH)3(s)
Correct equation (1)
State symbols for the correct formulae even if
spectator ions are present (1)	2
Allow equations using the hydrated iron(III) ion
[3]

5.	Add (aqueous) sodium hydroxide which will give a brown/rusty ppt (1)	1
Allow solid for precipitate or (s) in equation
Allow Use aqueous thiocyanate ions which gives a (blood) red colouration
[1]
 
6.	(i)	Has a (lone) pair of electrons that can be donated / lone pair that can form
a dative bond / pair of electrons that can form a coordinate bond (1)	1
(ii)	3D diagram of octahedral structure (1);
Bond angle 90° (1)	2
Name
octahedral must be present to score two marks
Allow use of wedges and dotted lines to indicate three dimensions
Allow three dimensions if at least two bond angles of 90° are shown that clearly demonstrate 3D
If two different bond angles do not award bond angle mark
[3]

 7.	(i)	6	1
(ii)	Species with (lone) pair of electrons	1
Capable of being donated / forms a dative covalent
bond / co-ordinate bond to a metal ion.	1
(allow suitable diagram)
[3]

8.	Any three from
Ammonia molecule 1 lone pair (and 3 bond pairs) (1);
Ammonia ligand 4 bond pairs / lone pair is now a bond pair /
ligand does not have a lone pair (1);
Lone pairs repel more than bond pairs (1):
In complex equal repulsion between electron pairs (1)	3
Not bonds repel / atoms repel
[3]
 
9.	Water molecule 2 lone pairs (and 2 bond pairs) (1);
Water ligand 1 lone pair and 3 bond pairs / lone pair is now
a bond pair / water has one less lone pair when it is a ligand (1);
Lone pairs repel more than bond pairs (1)	3
Not atoms repel
[3]

10.	Mr of [Cu(CH3COO)2]2.Cu(OH)2 = 460.5 (1)
Allow ecf from wrong Mr
	Molar ratio [Cu(CH3COO)2]2.Cu(OH)2 : H2O is 0.182 : 0.906 (1)
x = 5 (1)	3
Not full marks for 5 with no working out
[3]

11.	Transition element
Cu2+ 1s22s22p63s23p63d9 (1);
Transition elements have one oxidation state that has an
incomplete set of 3d electrons / have one ion with a half-filled 3d orbital (1)
Allow has at least one half-filled d orbital / partially filled 3d sub-shell
	Complex ion
Example of a copper complex ion e.g. [Cu(H2O)6]2+ or CuCl42– (1);
Diagram of the copper complex showing three
dimensions e.g. use of wedges or dotted lines (1);
Correct bond angle to match the complex / correct name
of the shape of the complex (1);
If a copper complex that does not exist is used then first three marks not available
If a correct iron complex is given then example mark cannot be awarded
Allow square planar where appropriate
	Ligand is an electron pair donor (1);
Copper(II) ion is an electron pair acceptor (1);
Dative bond exists between ligand and the copper(II) ion (1)
Electron pair donor, electron pair acceptor and dative bond marks can awarded from an appropriate diagram
	Properties
Several oxidation states e.g. copper has +1 and +2 or iron has +2 and +3 (1);
Ignore copper has a +3
Ignore iron has a +6 oxidation state
	Forms coloured compounds e.g. copper(ii) chloride is
green or iron(II) sulphate is pale green (1);
Element or compound has catalytic properties
e.g. Iron is a catalyst in the Haber process (1)	11
	Quality of written communication
	Use of technical terms – at least three terms from the following list are
used in the correct context
•	ligand
•	dative bond
•	coordinate bond
•	tetrahedral
•	square planar
•	octahedral
•	oxidation (state)
•	catalyst
•	electron pair
•	lone pair
•	orbital
•	sub-shell (1)	1
Put a ring around the technical terms
[12]
12.	(a)	(i)	(Blue to) yellow (solution) / (blue to) green (solution) (1)	1
(ii)	Lone pair on chloride ion (1);
Donated to copper(II) ion (1)	2
Allow dative bond / coordinate bond (1)
Allow marks via a diagram that must show lone pairs and the dative bond
(b)	(Light) blue precipitate / blue solid (1);
With excess (dark) blue solution (1)	2
Not just goes blue
[5]

 13.	(a)	Number of coordinate / dative covalent bonds attached
to metal ion / number of lone pairs accepted (not number of ligands)	1
(b)	(i)	[Co(H2O)6]2+ is octahedral; [CoCl4]2– is tetrahedral
Drawings must be 3 dimensional
	Acceptable shapes for [Co(H2O)6]2+ include:

	Acceptable shapes for [CoCl4]2– include
	2
(ii)	Pink → blue	2
(iii)	Add water.
(Allow other suitable suggestions, e.g. add lead nitrate to
precipitate Cl– as PbCl2)	1
[6]

 14.	(a)	Ligand able to donate two lone pairs	1
to form dative covalent / co-ordinate bonds	1
(b)

	3-D diagram with three ethanedioate ligands used	1
correct bonding between ligands and Cr3+	1
correct charge on ion (3–)	1
(Accept O ── O as minimum for ethanedioate ion)
[5]

 15.	(a)	1s22s22p63s23p63d8 (Do not accept [Ar]3d8)	1
(b)	(i)	Ring around O–	1
Ring around N	1
(Accept ring around O of C=O as an alternative to O–)
(ii)	Lone pair (of electrons) / non-bonding pair	1
[4]

16.	(i)	Cis platin	1
(ii)	Binds to DNA	1
Prevents cell from replicating / cells die	1
[3]
 
17.	(a)	(i)	1 mark for correct 3-D diagram of cis isomer	1
1 mark for correct 3-D diagram of trans isomer	1
	(Allow planar diagrams if two appropriate 90° angles are shown)
	Allow any suitable 3-D diagrams. Possibilities to include:

(ii)	Geometric / cis – trans	1
 (b)	1 mark for using cis isomer	1
1 mark for correct 3-D diagrams which are mirror images of each other.	1
	(If all diagrams are drawn as non-3d do not penalise in (b))
	Allow any suitable 3-D diagrams such as:

[5]

 18.	(a)	Two lone pairs/ able to form two dative covalent / co-ordinate bonds	1
(b)	Stereoisomerism – same atoms with same order of bonds but a
different spatial arrangement / same structure but different
arrangement of atoms	1
Both isomers drawn for cis / trans	2
Both isomers drawn for optical (must be mirror images)	2
(all diagrams to show 3-D arrangement)
Enantiomers/non superimposable mirror images	1
Rotate plane polarised light in opposite direction by same
number of degrees (any two for 1 mark)	1
[8]

19.	(a)	(i)	Number of dative bonds / co-ordinate bonds formed with the
transition metal (Do not accept number of ligands but allow
number of lone pairs bonded to….)	1
(ii)	Square planar	1
 (b)	(i)	Ligand substitution	1
(ii)	x = –2	1
y = 0	1
(c)	(i)	cis isomer drawn	1
trans isomer drawn	1
(ignore any charges)

(ii)	cis / trans or geometric	1
(iii)	Binds with DNA (not binds with cell)	1
Prevents replication/prevents cell dividing/prevents tumour
growth (do not allow kills cell)	1
[10]

 20.	(a)	(i)	+3	1
(ii)	Cis and trans forms drawn in 3-D (only award these
marks if C has been chosen)	2
(iii)	Type of isomerism is cis-trans/geometric	1
(b)	(i)	(concentrated) hydrochloric acid/sodium chloride/
Other suitable named ionic chloride but not just chloride or Cl–	1
(ii)	Ligand substitution / ligand exchange	1
[6]

21.	(a)	(i)	transition element: has at least one ion with a partly filled d-orbital (1)
example showing electronic configuration with d orbital
as between d1 – d9 (1)
	complex ion: a central metal ion surrounded by ligands
with an example. (1)
ligand: molecule/ion with lone pair of electrons capable
of forming coordinate/ dative bonds to a metal ion (1)	4
(ii)	precipitation: equation (1)
colour of precipitate (1)
	ligand substitution: equation (1)
colour of substituted complex (1)
	redox: equation (1)
colour change (1)
	 The candidate clearly links observations to provide evidence
for two reactions discussed. (1)	7
 (b)	complex ions:
octahedral example (1)
with 3-D diagram (1)
	tetrahedral example (1)
with 3-D diagram (1)
	square planar example (see also below) (1)
with 3-D diagram (1)
	stereoisomerism:
cis-trans example, e.g. Ni(NH3)2Cl2; platin with 3-D diagram (1)
optical example, e.g. Ni(en)32+ (1)
with 3D diagrams (1)
	 The candidate clearly links features on the diagrams with a
characteristic of the stereoisomerism involved (1)	Max: 9
[20]